Breast cancer is not just a health issue; it is a deeply personal and social challenge that affects millions of women and their families every year. As a medical professional with years of experience in addressing surgical and oncological issues, I have witnessed the immense impact that timely awareness, early detection, and cutting-edge treatments can have on saving lives. This article aims to shed light on breast cancer from a global and Indian perspective, empowering individuals to take charge of their health and make informed decisions.
Breast cancer arises when cells in the breast grow uncontrollably, forming tumors that can invade surrounding tissues or metastasize to distant parts of the body. While it predominantly affects women, men are not immune to this disease.
Globally, breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and in India, it is now the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. According to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), breast cancer accounts for nearly 25% of all cancer cases in women in India.
Understanding risk factors is the first step toward prevention. Factors include:
Age: Women over 50 are at a higher risk.
Genetics: Mutations in genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2 significantly increase risk.
Lifestyle: Obesity, sedentary habits, alcohol consumption, and smoking are major contributors.
Hormonal Factors: Early menstruation, late menopause, and hormone replacement therapy increase risk.
- A new lump or thickening in the breast or underarm.
- Changes in breast size or shape.
- Skin dimpling or redness.
- Nipple discharge or inversion.
- Persistent breast pain.
It is crucial to consult a doctor if you notice any of these symptoms. Remember, early detection saves lives.
Rising Incidence:
India sees nearly 1.4 million new breast cancer cases annually, with urban areas like Delhi, Mumbai, and Bangalore reporting higher rates. However, rural India remains largely underserved in terms of diagnosis and treatment.
Younger Women at Risk:
Unlike Western countries where breast cancer is most common in women above 60, Indian women are often diagnosed in their 40s or even 30s. This earlier onset demands earlier screenings and heightened awareness.
Cultural Barriers:
Stigma around cancer, especially in rural India, prevents many women from seeking timely help. This delay often leads to late-stage diagnoses, making treatment more challenging and outcomes less favorable.
Early detection is the cornerstone of effective treatment and improved survival rates. Methods include:
- Mammography: Recommended annually for women above 40, especially those at higher risk.
- Breast Self-Exams (BSE): A simple monthly routine to identify any changes.
- Clinical Breast Exams: Performed by healthcare professionals during routine check-ups.
In India, NGOs and organizations like the Indian Cancer Society are working tirelessly to spread awareness and promote screenings. However, more participation is needed from every corner of society.
Medical advancements have transformed breast cancer care, offering hope even in aggressive cases. Some of the latest approaches include:
- Surgery: Options like lumpectomy and mastectomy, tailored to individual needs.
- Radiation Therapy: Precisely targets and destroys remaining cancer cells post-surgery.
- Chemotherapy: Drugs that attack cancer cells, often used in combination with other treatments.
- Hormone Therapy: Blocks hormones like estrogen that fuel certain cancers.
- Targeted Therapy: Innovative drugs like trastuzumab (Herceptin) that target specific cancer cell mechanisms.
- Immunotherapy: A breakthrough for aggressive subtypes like triple-negative breast cancer, enabling the body’s immune system to fight cancer.
India is gradually improving access to these treatments, with urban centers leading the way. However, affordability and availability in rural areas remain a challenge.
As a practicing surgeon, I emphasize the importance of education, early action, and family support in tackling breast cancer. Simple lifestyle changes can reduce risk and improve outcomes:
- Maintain a balanced diet and exercise regularly.
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol intake.
- Encourage women in your family to perform self-exams and attend regular screenings.
I make it a priority to counsel patients and their families about these preventive measures. Early consultations and timely interventions can make all the difference.
Breast cancer awareness is not just about wearing a pink ribbon; it’s about ensuring that no woman feels alone or uninformed. As part of my mission, I actively participate in community health programs to promote awareness and make screenings accessible to more people.
Together, we can fight this disease with knowledge, compassion, and action.
Breast cancer is not a death sentence when detected early and treated effectively. By understanding risk factors, recognizing symptoms, and taking proactive steps, we can significantly improve outcomes. Let us break the barriers of stigma, spread awareness, and support one another in this journey toward better health.
Remember: Early detection saves lives. Stay vigilant, stay informed, and never hesitate to seek help.
Dr. Ashish Ohri is a leading surgeon based in Ludhiana with expertise in surgical oncology and public health education. He actively writes to raise awareness on critical health issues and is committed to delivering compassionate, quality care.
